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Hidden camera laws by state

Hidden camera laws in California

The actual statute, in plain English — not a paraphrase of a paraphrase.

The statute

Penal Code § 647(j)

What it prohibits

Looking through a hole or opening into a bedroom, bathroom, changing room, or similar private area with intent to invade someone’s privacy; using a hidden camera to secretly film under or through someone’s clothing without consent (“upskirting”); or using a hidden camera to photograph or record a person’s body in a room where they have a reasonable expectation of privacy, without their knowledge or consent. Consent is the central defense — if the person knew and agreed, it isn’t a violation.

Penalty

Misdemeanor. Up to 6 months in jail and a $1,000 fine on a first offense; penalties can double on a repeat conviction.

This is general public information, not legal advice, verified against the statute text linked below as of this writing — legislatures amend these laws periodically (Florida renamed its own statute in 2024). If this matters for a real situation, read the current text yourself or talk to a lawyer: https://law.justia.com/codes/california/code-pen/part-1/title-15/chapter-2/section-647/. Separately, recording audio of a conversation is governed by a different law (wiretap/eavesdropping statutes, which vary by state on whether one party or all parties must consent) — this page covers image/video capture only.

If you've actually found something, the statute matters less than what you do next: read the six steps here.

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Other states

TexasPenal Code § 21.15 (Invasive Visual Recording) New YorkPenal Law § 250.45 (Unlawful Surveillance, Second Degree) FloridaFla. Stat. § 810.145 — renamed “Digital Voyeurism” in a 2024 amendment Illinois720 ILCS 5/26-4 (Unauthorized Video Recording and Live Video Transmission) Pennsylvania18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 7507.1 (Invasion of Privacy) OhioOhio Revised Code § 2907.08 (Voyeurism) GeorgiaO.C.G.A. § 16-11-62 (Eavesdropping, Surveillance, or Intercepting Communication Which Invades Privacy) North CarolinaG.S. § 14-202 (Secretly Peeping Into Room Occupied by Another Person)